“I have a dream......"，每年一月的第三個星期一電視畫面總會在廣告時間插播一段Martin Luther King的現場演說畫面來紀念他的事蹟，而這一天也訂為美國的國定假日。過去在美國唸書時總是很高興這一個假日的到來，因為1月初學校才剛開學，經過了快樂的聖誕節與新年，收心操尚未作足就又開學了，這個假日正好緩衝剛開學的不適。但很慚愧的是我從來不知道馬丁路德金恩是何許人也（那時連他是黑人都不知道），也從來不想做進一步了解。直到哥哥一年級時，學校的老師要求閱讀Martin Luther King, Jr. 的傳記生平，在圖書館借了一本適合低年級生閱讀的傳記，陪著還不太會唸英文的哥哥整整唸了一個禮拜才讀完，這才大略明白馬丁路德的貢獻。
西元1929年馬丁路德金恩出生於亞特蘭大的一個小康家庭，父親是牧師、母親是音樂家、另有一個弟弟與一個妹妹。在他所處的年代黑白階級對立是很明顯的，雖然經過南北戰爭後美國政府已經不容許再販賣黑奴，但是黑人仍不能與白人平起平坐的，學校、遊樂場所、大眾交通工具等公共設施，只要是白人的活動範圍，黑人就如同畜生一樣是不准出現的，更不用說是私人場所了。自幼接受良好教育、喜歡閱讀的馬丁路德直到要上小學時，才瞭解了黑白種族不平等的事實。
擅長演說的馬丁路德長大後立志爭取黑人公民權，他用平和抗爭的手法帶領黑人同胞遊行抗議，以爭取改變現行的法律規則來提升黑人的地位。
他最偉大的地方是自始至終堅持和平抗爭，在一次次愈來愈多人加入遊行抗議的行列中，即使白人警力用暴力方式企圖驅逐遊行民眾，使得黑人民眾受傷甚至不幸死亡，他還是要求規範由他號召下前來參與抗議的民眾自律不能與警力衝突，讓暴力傷害不再擴大，訴求的焦點也沒被模糊。他的領導力與強而有力的演說，不但帶領參與抗議的黑人民眾理性地參與抗爭，最終也說服當權的白人改變律法接受黑白平等的要求。
西元1964年，馬丁路德金恩博士多年的努力終於得到回報，他不但在國際間得到肯定獲頒諾貝爾和平獎，美國政府也於同年度通過“公民權法案“ （Civil Rights Act of 1964）-保障美國公民不因膚色不同而在公共場所受到不平等的待遇。
雖然立法已經表面地促進黑人的公民權，但是實際上離黑白立足點的平等還是有很大的差距，因為大多數美國黑人並沒有選舉權（當時的法令規定公民須透過註冊程序才能擁有選舉權，但是法令的內容卻對有色人種設計一大堆的關卡，使得大多數的黑人受限於無法順利註冊而無選舉權），所以繼公民權法案通過後，馬丁路德繼續推動廢止現有法案，要求政府給予公民平等的選舉權。
西元1968年4月4日年僅39歲的Martin Luther King, Jr 不幸遭刺殺身亡，結束其短暫卻不平凡的一生！
無疑地馬丁路德是近代史上最偉大的抗爭英雄，他慈悲溫柔的內心沒有讓挺身跟隨抗議的民眾成為刀口下的犧牲品，他堅定不移的毅力與滔滔雄辯的口才讓高高在上的白人不得不改變遊戲規則，他的所作所為的確值得後人學習推崇的，只是發生在四、五十年前的事如何讓處於安逸溫飽、滿腦子電玩的小朋友們去體會呢？
記得以前唸小學時每年都要寫紀念總統蔣公與國父的作文，每次都是儘可能地高功頌德一番，年紀愈大學的字彙愈多就堆砌更多華而不實的文字，文章最後總是要來個光明的尾巴，而這些文章中的偉人在小小孩童心目中是那麼遙不可及、高不可攀，反正寫紀念文就是徹底的作文抄公，只要能應付交卷便可，完全沒有因為閱讀這些偉人的事蹟而震撼或影響到幼小心靈深處。
日前上了小二的哥哥帶回一份在學校做的有關馬丁路德的作業，題目是 “Martin Luther King, Jr. and Me - A Journal of Pictures and Words by XXX(學生自填）“，作業內容分頁簡述馬丁路德的生平，有關馬丁路德的部份已列印在每一頁的上方，而每一頁的下方讓學童或寫或畫來描述自己。每頁詳細內容如下( 以下的第一人稱 “I" 皆指學童自己 ； 凡是英文部份都是作業上列印的內容 ； 所有“......“的部份表示讓學生依題發揮，除了需用文字敘述外還須畫圖表達）:
(1) Who We Are
Name: Martin Luther King, Jr. and called M.L.
Born: January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia
Parents: Rev. Martin Luther King, Sr.
Alberta Williams King
Sister: Christine King
Brother: Alfred Daniel King and called A.D.
**************************************************
學童依照上方順序填入自己的家人
(2) Our Families
Martin Luther King, Jr. (called M.L.) was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents were the Rev. Martin Luther King Sr. and Alberta Williams King. He had one sister named Christine and one brother named Alfred Daniel (called A.D.). His father was a minister and his mother was a musician.
**************************************************************************************************************
Here is my family.(以下學童畫畫）
PS.哥哥把我們所住的社區外觀都畫出來了，上面除了註明自己的家在哪裡，還特別標記住同一社區另一個同學的家，而我和他與弟弟就一字排開笑嘻嘻的站在建築物旁。（奇怪的是，爸爸居然不見蹤影？是畫不下了？還是去上班所以不在現場？）
(3) Books and Stories
Martin Luther King, Jr. loved to have his Aunt Ida and his grandmother read books to him about adventures and "wonderful places in the world" and to tell him stories about when they were children.
*************************************************************************************************************
I like books and stories too! These are my favorites: ...................................
(4) What We're Good At Doing
Martin Luther King, Jr. loved singing, music, reading, learning new things, and sharing his ideas with others. He was good at those things.
*************************************************************************************************************
I'm good at ..............................
(5) Hurt Feeling and Sadness
Martin Luther King, Jr. and A.D. were hurt when their white friends couldn't play with them anymore. At that time in the United States, there were places where black children and white children couldn't go to school together and were not even allowed to play together or be friends. That made Martin very sad.
**************************************************************************************************************
I was sad when.................
(6) Birthdays
Martin Luther King, Jr. has been honored as a great American hero. He worked to change laws that were unfair. He won the Nobel Peace Prize. His birthday is now a national holiday, and people all over the United States celebrate his birthday to honor him.
**************************************************************************************************************
Here is how I like to celebrate my birthday. .......................
(7) Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Dream
Martin Luther King, Jr. had "a dream that one day...little black boys and little black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and little girls as sisters and brothers." (Martin Luther King, Jr., August 28, 1963)
**************************************************************************************************************
Dr. King spent his life preaching, giving speeches, leading marches, and helping change laws so that all people would be treated fairly. I can help Dr. King's dream come true! ..............................................
(8) My Dream For Our World
I have a dream too!.........................
不知目前台灣的小學對偉人的紀念是否還依舊八股、一成不變？我覺得這是一份非常出色的作業設計，內容雖然只簡單敘述了馬丁路德的生平，卻透過對比的方式拉近學童與偉人之間的距離、引導小朋友認識這位民權運動領袖的個人特質，孩子們除了更能設身處地的瞭解馬丁路德所處的時空背景，也在過程中學習該怎麼以文字方式去介紹自己，增強寫作的技巧。紀念一個偉人居然可以透過作業的方式傳達多樣化的訊息，真是太優了（雙手鼓掌喝采！）。
【後記】1963年8月28日Martin Luther King, Jr 帶領25萬人走上Washington D.C. 街頭，最後集結於林肯紀念碑前，發表震撼人心、千古傳頌的演說 “I have a dream.....“，部份精彩內容如下:
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.”
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, and rough places will be made plains, and the crooked places will be made straight,and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
Jean 02/14/2008
西元1929年馬丁路德金恩出生於亞特蘭大的一個小康家庭，父親是牧師、母親是音樂家、另有一個弟弟與一個妹妹。在他所處的年代黑白階級對立是很明顯的，雖然經過南北戰爭後美國政府已經不容許再販賣黑奴，但是黑人仍不能與白人平起平坐的，學校、遊樂場所、大眾交通工具等公共設施，只要是白人的活動範圍，黑人就如同畜生一樣是不准出現的，更不用說是私人場所了。自幼接受良好教育、喜歡閱讀的馬丁路德直到要上小學時，才瞭解了黑白種族不平等的事實。
擅長演說的馬丁路德長大後立志爭取黑人公民權，他用平和抗爭的手法帶領黑人同胞遊行抗議，以爭取改變現行的法律規則來提升黑人的地位。
他最偉大的地方是自始至終堅持和平抗爭，在一次次愈來愈多人加入遊行抗議的行列中，即使白人警力用暴力方式企圖驅逐遊行民眾，使得黑人民眾受傷甚至不幸死亡，他還是要求規範由他號召下前來參與抗議的民眾自律不能與警力衝突，讓暴力傷害不再擴大，訴求的焦點也沒被模糊。他的領導力與強而有力的演說，不但帶領參與抗議的黑人民眾理性地參與抗爭，最終也說服當權的白人改變律法接受黑白平等的要求。
西元1964年，馬丁路德金恩博士多年的努力終於得到回報，他不但在國際間得到肯定獲頒諾貝爾和平獎，美國政府也於同年度通過“公民權法案“ （Civil Rights Act of 1964）-保障美國公民不因膚色不同而在公共場所受到不平等的待遇。
雖然立法已經表面地促進黑人的公民權，但是實際上離黑白立足點的平等還是有很大的差距，因為大多數美國黑人並沒有選舉權（當時的法令規定公民須透過註冊程序才能擁有選舉權，但是法令的內容卻對有色人種設計一大堆的關卡，使得大多數的黑人受限於無法順利註冊而無選舉權），所以繼公民權法案通過後，馬丁路德繼續推動廢止現有法案，要求政府給予公民平等的選舉權。
西元1968年4月4日年僅39歲的Martin Luther King, Jr 不幸遭刺殺身亡，結束其短暫卻不平凡的一生！
無疑地馬丁路德是近代史上最偉大的抗爭英雄，他慈悲溫柔的內心沒有讓挺身跟隨抗議的民眾成為刀口下的犧牲品，他堅定不移的毅力與滔滔雄辯的口才讓高高在上的白人不得不改變遊戲規則，他的所作所為的確值得後人學習推崇的，只是發生在四、五十年前的事如何讓處於安逸溫飽、滿腦子電玩的小朋友們去體會呢？
記得以前唸小學時每年都要寫紀念總統蔣公與國父的作文，每次都是儘可能地高功頌德一番，年紀愈大學的字彙愈多就堆砌更多華而不實的文字，文章最後總是要來個光明的尾巴，而這些文章中的偉人在小小孩童心目中是那麼遙不可及、高不可攀，反正寫紀念文就是徹底的作文抄公，只要能應付交卷便可，完全沒有因為閱讀這些偉人的事蹟而震撼或影響到幼小心靈深處。
日前上了小二的哥哥帶回一份在學校做的有關馬丁路德的作業，題目是 “Martin Luther King, Jr. and Me - A Journal of Pictures and Words by XXX(學生自填）“，作業內容分頁簡述馬丁路德的生平，有關馬丁路德的部份已列印在每一頁的上方，而每一頁的下方讓學童或寫或畫來描述自己。每頁詳細內容如下( 以下的第一人稱 “I" 皆指學童自己 ； 凡是英文部份都是作業上列印的內容 ； 所有“......“的部份表示讓學生依題發揮，除了需用文字敘述外還須畫圖表達）:
(1) Who We Are
Name: Martin Luther King, Jr. and called M.L.
Born: January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia
Parents: Rev. Martin Luther King, Sr.
Alberta Williams King
Sister: Christine King
Brother: Alfred Daniel King and called A.D.
**************************************************
學童依照上方順序填入自己的家人
(2) Our Families
Martin Luther King, Jr. (called M.L.) was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents were the Rev. Martin Luther King Sr. and Alberta Williams King. He had one sister named Christine and one brother named Alfred Daniel (called A.D.). His father was a minister and his mother was a musician.
**************************************************************************************************************
Here is my family.(以下學童畫畫）
PS.哥哥把我們所住的社區外觀都畫出來了，上面除了註明自己的家在哪裡，還特別標記住同一社區另一個同學的家，而我和他與弟弟就一字排開笑嘻嘻的站在建築物旁。（奇怪的是，爸爸居然不見蹤影？是畫不下了？還是去上班所以不在現場？）
(3) Books and Stories
Martin Luther King, Jr. loved to have his Aunt Ida and his grandmother read books to him about adventures and "wonderful places in the world" and to tell him stories about when they were children.
*************************************************************************************************************
I like books and stories too! These are my favorites: ...................................
(4) What We're Good At Doing
Martin Luther King, Jr. loved singing, music, reading, learning new things, and sharing his ideas with others. He was good at those things.
*************************************************************************************************************
I'm good at ..............................
(5) Hurt Feeling and Sadness
Martin Luther King, Jr. and A.D. were hurt when their white friends couldn't play with them anymore. At that time in the United States, there were places where black children and white children couldn't go to school together and were not even allowed to play together or be friends. That made Martin very sad.
**************************************************************************************************************
I was sad when.................
(6) Birthdays
Martin Luther King, Jr. has been honored as a great American hero. He worked to change laws that were unfair. He won the Nobel Peace Prize. His birthday is now a national holiday, and people all over the United States celebrate his birthday to honor him.
**************************************************************************************************************
Here is how I like to celebrate my birthday. .......................
(7) Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Dream
Martin Luther King, Jr. had "a dream that one day...little black boys and little black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and little girls as sisters and brothers." (Martin Luther King, Jr., August 28, 1963)
**************************************************************************************************************
Dr. King spent his life preaching, giving speeches, leading marches, and helping change laws so that all people would be treated fairly. I can help Dr. King's dream come true! ..............................................
(8) My Dream For Our World
I have a dream too!.........................
不知目前台灣的小學對偉人的紀念是否還依舊八股、一成不變？我覺得這是一份非常出色的作業設計，內容雖然只簡單敘述了馬丁路德的生平，卻透過對比的方式拉近學童與偉人之間的距離、引導小朋友認識這位民權運動領袖的個人特質，孩子們除了更能設身處地的瞭解馬丁路德所處的時空背景，也在過程中學習該怎麼以文字方式去介紹自己，增強寫作的技巧。紀念一個偉人居然可以透過作業的方式傳達多樣化的訊息，真是太優了（雙手鼓掌喝采！）。
【後記】1963年8月28日Martin Luther King, Jr 帶領25萬人走上Washington D.C. 街頭，最後集結於林肯紀念碑前，發表震撼人心、千古傳頌的演說 “I have a dream.....“，部份精彩內容如下:
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.”
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, and rough places will be made plains, and the crooked places will be made straight,and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
Jean 02/14/2008
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